ANFA, have some respect to spectators

 Spectators and supporters are the beauty of any game. The presence, participation and support of spectators have, I guess, a key role in the development of any game. The same is applicable in Nepal, other South Asia countries and in the global context.

BCCI, the Indian cricket board, is the richest among all national cricket federations of the country. Similarly, the major European domestic football leagues including English Premier League, Spanish La Liga, Italian Serie A or Germany Bundesliga all are established as global brands in the sporting world.

The growth of cricket in India, no doubt, is directly linked with its popularity among the people of the country be it franchise IPL Twenty20 or any other international bilateral series. The key assets for the richness of BCCI or any other aforementioned European League are the participation of audience/supporters/spectators.      

In Nepal’s context, the national women's team played their first ever official tournament at the home of Nepali football – the Dasharath Stadium in the past (couple) of weeks and finished runners up as usual, this time losing to Bangladesh 3-1 in the final unlike India in the past.

Despite embarking on their international journey more than three-and-a-half-decade ago, the women team got an opportunity to play at ‘home’ for the first time. The football loving spectators gave a rapturous welcome to the heroes at ‘home’ giving a new perspective to the non-professional football set up of the country.

The New Perspective: Women’s football has immense potential should it be governed and planned rightly. Now the ball is at football governing body ANFA’s court. How they take forward the game.

But the sad fact is that even men's football is not at the professional setup. However, opportunities lie ahead of every challenge. I hope the concerned authorities will not just think of it but take some concrete action.   

Having already discussed the role of audience/ supporters/ spectators, the ANFA, however, seemed unaware or careless on part of handling them. After the end of Nepal-Bangladesh final few fans jumped from the general parapet only to embrace and get a glimpse of their favourite star whom they have met frequently on social media platforms like Tiktok or Facebook or others. 

Not only in Nepal, scenes of invading the pitch occur frequently even in bigger football stages like World Cup or Euro.

But the guards deployed by FA or other organiser never kick the fans like they did to one of them at the Dasharath Stadium on Tuesday. It's an offence, a crime manhandling him! 

Not only did the guards kick one of the poor spectators even after they caught and controlled him, they took him at one corner of the stadium and thrashed him mercilessly.

The order at the stadium must be maintained but ANFA or the guards do not have the right to beat up spectators. Wake up ANFA, educated your guards. DON’T repeat such actions in future.

Have respect for the spectators. They are the beauty and install life on any game.  

Do our players really lack professionalism?

Kathmandu: Nepal's skipper Biraj Maharjan was surprisingly left out from the 23-member Nepali squad that is set to play friendly football against Malaysian Super League champions Johor Darul Ta'zim FC to fine tune the team for the FIFA World Cup and Asia Cup Preliminary Joint Qualification. Nepal is set to visit Kuwait in the first match on September 5. Though Maharjan was in the regular training, the 28-year-old failed to impress Nepal's Swedish coach Johan Kalin.  

One of the main reasons for his exclusion from the squad was his under par fitness level. " Fitness is also an issue, but the other players were better than him in the training. Football is a competitive sport and anyone who perform better will make to the squad," he said who was appointed for a two-year stint at the hot seat beginning on March 1.

Not only for Kalin, but for all national team coaches, fitness of players have always been an issue. Even there was an incident of brawl between first choice goalkeeper Kiran Chemjong and fitness trainer Bivek Bikrant Adhikari on June 23 with the shot stopper alleging him of over-training them. The incident eventually cost job of the fitness training and Chemjong was reprimanded. 

The professional players are themselves expected to be fit rather than gain fitness at the national team camp. But such is not the case in Nepal. "The players are working hard and some players are really fit and others are not that fit," said the Swedish national before finalising the squad. But with the axing of Maharjan, the captain since 2016, he gave a message loud and clear that fitness would be key to remain in the team.

Pointing out the root cause of lack of fitness, the Kalin said that the players need to play competitive football round the year. In his words, players can't get football fitness just by running. "you can get football fitness only if you play football. Running 10km a day won't help player. They may become a good runner but not footballer. You need to be on the pitch for fitness round the year but Nepali players are hardly signed by clubs for three to five months," he said.

The words of Kalin highlight bitter truth of national stars who have been unemployed (except players with departmental team) since last two months and they are still in dark when they would next get contracts from the clubs. As most of the national players of were with two biggest clubs of the country -- Three Star and Manang Marshyangdi Club -- they were not released in April like most other clubs.

Footballers are offered contract only few weeks or sometimes a month before the top tier league known as Martyrs Memorial 'A' Division League begins.  The last league hardly lasted for four months and most of the clubs released players promptly after the event was over in April. As this edition's league is still uncertain, it is still unknown when the players would get professional contract and become employed. Thus in such scenario of domestic football, it is difficult to expect that all players called for the national team be fit.

But even one could point finger to the player himself who dream to represent national team. Is not the player responsible to maintain hi fitness level when he dream of playing in the bigger stage. The serious question that arise is do our players lack professional attitude?  Kalin though declined to say directly that Nepali players don't have professional attitude, he pointed out lack of football education and techniques for self training as one of the main reasons for fitness issue. It is high time that players, not only footballers, but of other games as well to develop professional attitude.

Controversial Thapa’s fall from the grace

Ganesh Thapa, the disgraced former captain and sacked chief of the All Nepal Football Association (ANFA), is believed to have amassed fame and fortune both through football. Thapa, the most decorated sportsperson of the country once, has been kicked out of football by apex football body FIFA one and a half month earlier.

Along with his ‘popularity’, Thapa is also the most controversial sports figure of the country. Though his contemporary players like to describe him as a gifted player, many of them level him an arrogant and cunning person.   

His football career was eclipsed after he was handed a 10-year ban from all football related activities on November 16 earlier this year for misusing his power and for personal and family gain. 

Apart from being founding president of South Asian Football Federation (SAFF) for 10-years from 1999, he also succeeded to become the Vice President of Asian Football Confederation (AFC) in 2011 largely due to blessing of then chief of Asian governing body chief Mohammed bin Hammam rather than by his personal capability. However, it is a biggest honor a Nepali football administrator has achieved at the international level. He was also the Disciplinary Committee Member of 2002 Korea-Japan World Cup and Organizing Committee member of 1998 France World Cup.

Nepali talents need to be identified and given opportunities: Whatmore

·         With all developing teams, there are areas which need improvement
·         There are always ways of improving and getting opportunity
·         There are quite good players in Nepal. They need to be identified, groomed and given opportunity
·         The game is played in the head

Dav Whatmore, the world cup winning cricket coach with Sri Lanka in 1996, conducted a two-week high performance training camp from January 25 to February 7 for 32 players including members of the national cricket team. He also ran a two-day coaching clinic for cricket coaches of Nepal. 

The high performance camp was held on the eve of Nepal’s ICC World Cricket League Championship fifth round match against Kenya. Nepal is scheduled to take on Kenya on March 11 and 13 at TU grounds, Kirtipur.

Dav Whatmore 

Whatmore, the Sri Lanka-born Australian, arrived Nepal under the initiation of newly formed Bat and Ball Foundation (B2F). Whatmore, who has the experience of playing seven Test matches and one ODI for Australia, is the most high profile coach Nepal has ever got an opportunity to trained with. Prajwal Oli caught up with him after completion of his last day training camp on February 5. Excerpts.

How was the training camp and your stay in Nepal?

We started with two days’ workshop with coaches and then we got into practical work with extended group of boys (national team). It was very very rewarding experience. It is my first time in Nepal and I think I am better person for coming here and working with the boys. I hope you will see improvement very soon.

Boy's Union's ambition: Serious threat to Nepali football

KATHMANDU, Dec 18: "It was an unexpected result," Boys Union coach Bijay Maharjan said at the post-match press conference after his side´s 2-1 comeback win over Three Star Club in the quarterfinals of the Ncell Cup football tournament, which concluded on Tuesday.

Photo Courtesy - Bikash Karki

 Giving continuity to its fairytale run, Boys Union finished runner-up in a major tournament, soon after returning to A division this season. Before that, Boys Union played in the second division for two seasons.

The sudden-death win over Nepal Army in the semifinals and the closely-fought final against powerhouse Manang Marshyangdi Club (MMC) proved that Boys Union´s march to the final was not a fluke. But coach Maharjan termed the result as ´unexpected´ even after the semifinal win over Army.

Nepali football: A perennial underachiever despite massive investment

No doubt, football is the most popular sports in Nepal. The jam-packed stands of the Dasharath Stadium during international and major domestic tournaments are sufficient to shed light on this fact.

Besides its popularity, football is the game which has the strongest financial status out of more than 100 sports played in the country. It is also the only game which has given employment to more than 500 individuals, including 400 players, referee and coaches, while other individuals like physiotherapists and curators are also getting benefits from the game directly or indirectly.

The salary of a player of the A Division ranges from Rs 20,000 to Rs 70,000 per month. All Nepal Football Association (ANFA) is the only sports association in Nepal which enjoys television revenue among others. But a startling fact is that Nepali football is a perennial underachiever despite massive investment compared to other sports in the country.

In total, 125 sports bodies are registered with the National Sports Council (NSC), the apex sports body of the nation. But ANFA is the only association that enjoys special privileges when it comes to sponsorship deals owing to the popularity of the beautiful game. Unlike ANFA, getting sponsors for other sports associations is always an uphill battle.

It is not only ANFA but also most of the A Division football clubs have sponsors who provide ´handsome´ amount. The total amount from sponsors and co-sponsors to A Division clubs is Rs 16.67 million, according to figures of recent statistics.

Similarly, ANFA gets Rs 20 million from its two major sponsors -- Gorkha Brewery and Ncell. Besides this, it also has other small sponsors as well.

Among 16 A Division clubs, 10 have either sponsor or co-sponsor or both. The combined income of ANFA and the clubs from sponsorship deals amounts to Rs 36.67 million.

Besides this, the annual budget of ANFA is Rs 100 million. And if the claims of A Division clubs are to be believed, they invest more than Rs 5 million annually. Some of them even claim to have invested more than 10 million annually. Thus, summing up the entire amount, one can roughly sketch the figure of around Rs 180 million investment in the game annually.

But the question that arises is what Nepali football is giving in return for the huge investment. The performance and the results achieved in the international level are considered the measuring rod of the standard of the game. The last time Nepal won international title was nearly two decades ago in the South Asian level. Nepal had lifted the football title in 1993 SAF Games in Dhaka. Since then, Nepal has been struggling in the international stage.

According to Bhim Thapa, former technical director of ANFA, the international results are far below expectations as compared to the investment in the sector. "I don´t think the result we have achieved in the international level matches the investment we have made."

Thapa, however, opined that the investment was pretty low compared to South Asian neighbor India and the Maldives. "In comparison with India and Maldives, we have low investment. We should also take a comparative view of the club level football of these countries for bettering our football. Club football is the backbone of team´s performance at the national and international level."

Thapa was critical on the life style of the current national players. "The national players these days get much more facilities than during our time," said Thapa, who looked at the national team as coach time and again.

"The national players´ off-the-field style like night life and others are contributing to degradation of their performance. The new generation is talented but not hard working and the level of dedication is inadequate."

Besides this, Thapa also stressed on the need of proper planning at the administrative level for the improvement of the game. " Both ANFA and clubs are lagging behind as administrators. It is not just more facilities to the players that ensure good performance and results but sound planning is equally essential."

Thapa was also dissatisfied with the quality of new players and coaches. "Quantity wise the production of players and coaches is satisfactory but the quality is not satisfactory."

"As the main authority, ANFA has the greatest responsibility in planning and implementation but none including ANFA and club are giving cent percent from their side," shared Thapa, adding, "Dedication is essential from all sectors including ANFA, clubs, players and coaches." Thapa also opined that it was the right time to evaluate the ANFA leadership.

Former ANFA President Purusottam Shrestha, who led the Nepali football when it last won international title, opined that the current investment in football was like pouring water in sand. Shrestha, under whose leadership the national team lifted SAF title back in 1993, opined that ANFA was involved in showing off rather than coming up with genuine effort for the development of the game.

He criticized the ANFA leadership and its management. "The leadership and the management of ANFA should be totally reshuffled. The leadership should itself step down paving way for new enthusiasts who has plans and visions," said Shrestha, tagging the current leadership of ANFA as a failure. Shrestha hinted that ANFA President Ganesh Thapa, who has been the supreme of the football governing body since last 18 years, should step down himself.

"Leadership must know how to handle the players and tackle them. Hiring foreign players will diminish the quality of domestic players and will have negative impact on the production of players," said Shrestha.

Padam Krishna Shrestha, former technical director of ANFA, held a different view on the investment and Nepal´s performance at the international stage. "The investment is very low in football and we must make more investment in order to achieve good results at the international level," Shrestha said, adding that the game was totally ignored by the government.

Former national team skipper Hari Khadka termed Nepal´s result at the international level as misfortunate. "Despite playing good football we are unable to achieve results at the international area."

Khadka stressed on the need of making football friendly policy at the government level. He was also full of praise for ANFA leadership and its program. Khadka opined that production of players was insufficient as per the demand. "Same players gets place in the national squad for seven or eight years due to lack of quality players. Grassroots football is centralized in the capital, new talents must be searched from across the nation."

Club           Sponsorship    Co-sponsorship
HSC            2 million              800,000
Jawalakhel   1.8 million                 ---
Police         1.6 million                    ---
Friends       1.5 million                   --
MMC          1.5 million                    --
Sankata      1.5 million                     ----
Madhyapur  1.36 million          800,000
Bansbari     1.3 million             500,000
RCT           800,000                      ---
Three Star  1.3 million
NRT              --                              ---
Army              --                            --
Machhindra    --                           ---
Bauddha         ---                       ---
Saraswati        --                          ---
APF                 --                      --
Total: 13.36 3.4 million = 16.67

ANFA´s sponsor   Sponsor Amount

Gorkha Brewery     10 million
Ncell                       10 million

Online News Portal in Nepal

(Prepared by myself as part of assignment for Tribhuvan University)
Online News Portal in Nepal

Introduction

The development of new technology on information and communication has brought a revolutionary change in the lives of human being and the field of mass communication and journalism is no exception to this.   

Online journalism is the youngest of all discipline of journalism. Online journalism can simply be defined as the reporting of news via Internet. (Internet: A global network connecting millions of computers.)

As a part of the globe village Nepal cannot remain isolated to the development of means of communication. Despite the pace and techniques, the information and communication technology, e-commerce and online journalism are growing in Nepal. Along with the sector of journalism, the arenas of business, academia, agriculture, environment and many more are also using the online media in today's Nepal. Under such background, here's an attempt to present the definition, situation and development of online journalism in context of the Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal.

Unlike other forms of journalism, online journalism is any non-fiction or documentary narrative that reports or analyzes facts and events firmly rooted in time which are selected and arranged by reporters, writers, and editors to tell a story from a particular point of view through internet or WWW (World Wide Web).

Brief history of Internet
The age of internet is hardly four decade. Internet was developed by a company called ARPA in 1969 which was associated with the US government for Military uses. The original name for the internet as we know now it was ARPANET and it was used by the US Military to communicate resources. Initially it started networks in four computers.
In 1990, British Tim Berners-Lee brought a drastic change in internet when he succeeded to develop HTML (Hyper Text Markup Language). His invention changed the scenario through WWW (World Wide Web) which offered greater capacity, flexibility, immediacy, permanence and interactivity. (HTML supports links to other documents, as well as graphics, audio, and video files).

Brief history of online journalism
Early precursors of the online journalism are believed to be teletext and videotext, introduced and used during 70s and 80s but never took off. In 1978, Bulletin Board System (BBS), information and emails sharing method by direct connection between computers, began. In 1982, StarText, the first newspaper intended to deliver only to computers via videotext was established.
Chicago Tribune of USA began its online venture, the Chicago Online, in 1992. This is the considered the first online media. The first proper news site was put on the internet as early as in 1993 when the The News & Observer in North Carolina was put on the internet through bulletin board system (BBS). After the first internet browser, Mosaic was launched in 1994, it went online as Nando Times. The pioneering site, the Nando Times pages were discontinued May 27, 2003. On January 19, 1995, the first newspaper to regularly publish on the Web, the Palo Alto Weekly in California, begins twice-weekly postings of its full content.
Internet in Nepal
 Mercantile Office Systems began the commercial email system in June 1994 and established a separate entity Mercantile Communications for similar services. Before that Nepal Academy for Science and Technology (NAST) and Nepal Forum for Environmental Journalists had used email services as trials. Early services were used by dialing ISD numbers in India for the connection.
On July 15, 1995 Mercantile started providing full online access operating via a lease line through Nepal Telecom with it’s backbone in Singapore. By the end of 1995, Mercantile had approximately 150 subscribers – most of them being the International Non-Governmental Organizations in Kathmandu.
Next to the Mercantile, 'Worldlink' started providing internet services in Kathmandu valley. The business competition between these two companies helped fostering and increasing the access of Nepalese people and organizations to internet. Today's giant ISP 'Nepal Telecom (Nepal Telecommunications Corporation)' started to provide internet on 2058 BS, causing thousands of Nepalese to subscribe and connect internet in their homes, rooms and offices easily.

Today Nepal Telecom has become the largest ISP followed by several companies such as Mercantile Communication, Worldlink, United Telecom Limited,  Spice Nepal, Broadlink, Everest, Speedcast, Websurfer etc. The rural districts of Manang, Mustang and Jumla are using VSAT internet. Wireless WI-Fi service has been started in Kathmandu valley by Broadlink.  Mobile WAP and GPRS service provided by Nepal Telecom and Ncell in their GSM system has brought the internet to the hands and palms of hundreds of thousands Nepalese people.

Online News Portal in Nepal
As the publication of first Nepali newspaper began from abroad (India), the first online news portal also began from abroad. Nepalese in US began the publication of first online media on Oct 23, 1993 – The Nepal Digest. This continued for 449 issues and closed before it resumed publication again in 2003. On September 7, 1995 The Kathmandu Post went online on the University of Illinois website. It was joint effort of Mercantile Communications, the publication and Rajendra Shrestha, an engineering student who uploaded the news on his personal page provided by the university.
Himal Media started archiving it’s publication, Himal South Asia, in it’s own website himalsouthasia.com in 1997.
Mercantile established South-Asia.com in 1998 when it archived seven daily and weekly newspapers. The site however only gave the digital version of the printed publications. In 1999, it moved to NepalNews.com paving ways for more newspapers to put up their content on the cyberspace and the company also began serving it’s own news collected by the reporters it employed for the news portal.
Kantipur Publications established KantipurOnline.com on April 13, 2000. At initial phase, KantipurOnline.com employed reporters for news reporting. The site not only uploaded the digital version of its publications but also has their original contents with a few reporters working for it.
On December 15, 2002 Kamana Group of Publications began newsofnepal.com. Lately all broadsheet dailies along with weeklies and smaller media are available online.
Talking about weblog or blog, the first blogsite of Nepal, United We Blog, was established on October 1, 2004. The number of blog sites is also increasing rapidly because one can start it free of cost and without much of technical knowledge.
Similarly, the oldest daily of Nepal, Gorkhapatra also began its online publication through www.gorkhapatra.org.np.
Similarly, nagariknews.com and republica.com of Nepal Rebublic media began online news portal from December 2009. 
Current state of Nepali online news portal
From Nepal
Now there are more than 600 Nepali news portal in operation both in Nepali and English, but about half of them are believed to be operated from abroad. However, only about 50 of them are said to be updated regularly.
According to a recent report published by alexa.com, ekantipur.com, nagariknews.com and thehimalayantimes.com are the top three most view Nepali news portal respectively and all of them are published from Nepal.
In their bid of publishing breaking news, online news portal are often found publishing\uploading wrong information without verifying the facts promoting a worldwide debate of online journalism on accuracy Vs speed.
But, having the advantage of amending it easily and promptly, most of them are found to be correcting it in such a way as if they had never made a mistake. Most of them have never wish to hint that they had made a mistake.    
A dominating numbers of the portal are found not to be uploaded on regular basis and uploading such portals depends upon the mood of person who runs it. Many of them do not have their own news source and depends upon other news portal as their news sources.   
In the current context, online portal run by renowned media house of Nepal are the only up-to-date updated portals of Nepal.   
From Abroad
Among the news portal published from outside Nepal, nepaljapan.com is the most frequently viewed. It is operated by a small group of Nepali people residing in Japan. Similarly, nepalbriten.com, samundrapari.com, nepalportugal.com, nepalmalaya.com are other frequently viewed websites operated from abroad. Most of the them are operated from non residential Nepali living in respective countries.
However, almost all news portals operated from abroad do not have their own news source of news. Most of them depend upon the news portals operated from Nepal, especially those run by big media houses. "Copy and Paste" have been their regular job in uploading new news.
Contributor: Royal move
Following the Royal move of February 1, 2005, the numbers of news portals and bloggers in Nepali language increased dramatically. Not only the royal move was the responsible factor behind increment of such blogs and portals in Nepali language. But the development of Unicode which made typing in Nepali language easy was the main factor in bringing change.
In the recent time, online journalist has been got organized under Nepali Association of Online Journalist which consists of 40 journalist. Though it has been recognized by the Federation of Nepali Journalist, the umbrella organization of Nepali Journalist it has been deprived of facilities provided to other media such as radio, TV and Newspapers.
Unlike other media, online news portal so far are not give public service advertisement and not classified into different grades as that of newspaper. 

Online Blogging
The changed version of online journalism, where the unedited news, views, reviews and posts can be read or write is blog. The personal 'open diaries' publication in US Universities on 1996 AD can be assumed as the beginning of web blogging and today it has become a lifestyle. The western world has approved it as grass root journalism and the bloggers are considered to be the journalists. In case of Nepal it's simply limited to citizen journalism because of the limited access and availability of internet or computer knowledge nationwide.

The technology for blogging is easy and it's accessible to everyone. Registering a domain is not necessary for blogging, though some blogs are hosted on registered domains and operated similar to a website. The Google's blog hosting site www.blogger.com is especially famous among bloggers worldwide. Besides, www.wordpress.com, www.typepad.com and even the MSN, facebook, flicker and myspace pages are used for posting blogs.

Blogging is supposed to have started in Nepal with the publication of www.blog.com.np in which nearly half a dozen journalists are continuously posting their pages under the slogan of 'United we blog for a democratic Nepal'. Except it, there are hundreds of blogging pages hosted by journalists, authors, musicians, politicians and individuals. Some famous and highly trafficked Nepalese blog pages are www.mysansar.com, www.demrepubnepal.blogspot.com, www.dev.net.np etc. The site www.blogger.com.np publishes an alphabetical list of Nepalese blog sites. However, publishing the literary creations and news based articles on the blogs are now general but the accuracy and credibility of blogs are often questioned.

Prospects and Problems of Online in Nepal:
Internet or online journalism can be a significant solution of geographic difficulties for transportation (of information and news papers) in Nepal. According to Internet World Status, there are more then a million computer sets in the country today. The ratio of increment of computers is nearly 45 thousand sets every year. And 625,800 Nepalese are estimated to use internet within Nepal (up to 2010). Internet is also used in the field of commerce and banking. Similarly www.muncha.com, www.thamel.com etc have started online marketing in Nepal. The UTF-8 and UTF-16 system of Unicode fonts have helped Devnagari script to be published online helping the Nepalese art and literature to blossom. Nepalese users are now linked to various social networking sites such as facebook, twitter, myspace, hi5 etc and after all to the entire human kind of the world.

But still millions of Nepalese are illiterate and billions haven't access to the internet. The cost of computer and internet charges of internet service providers (ISP's) are very high in comparison to per capita income of Nepalese. Due to the expensive cost of internet, thousands of lower and middle class people are using the PC either as a typewriter or as a video monitor. The frequent power shortage or cuts in the urban areas and no electrification in the rural areas are forcing Nepalese to remain indifferent of computer and the information technology. Government of Nepal's plan to build IT park and launce e-governance is limited into papers. So, it can be declared that the case of absence of the private investors to internet market would keep Nepalese online sector at the primitive age.

Legal Aspects to Web
The world is having a debate on the model of cyber law and internet related regulations. The worldwide accepted 'Internet Protocol' advocates uncensored sites. But United States, credited as the birthplace of internet, promulgated a cyber law named 'Communication Decency Act (CDA)' on 1996 and imposed censorship or ban on the pornographic sites. Since, numbers of nations have prepared cyber laws and are controlling terrorism and pornography related pages. For example, the neighboring People's Republic of China has developed a strong mechanism to control internet crimes and cyber disorders. The Government of Malaysia has banned more than 200 thousands web pages and blogs. Korea DPR doesn't allow internet's use within its territory but has developed the world's second largest intranet only after the US based Navy/Marine Corps Intranet (NMCI), with all basic facilities of World Wide Web such as chat room, social networks, news pages, distance learning, business pages and multimedia.

In case of Nepal the Electronic Transaction and Digital Signature Act of 2004 (ETDSA), imposed through an ordinance states a provision of ban on the site disturbing national interests and integration. It regulates online commerce and financial transactions and criminalizes certain online behavior, including hacking and fraud and also provides criminal penalties, including fines and up to five years in prison, for the publication of "illegal" content on the Internet (though it provides no definition of illegal content), or for the publication of hate speech or speech likely to trigger ethnic strife. Similarly, Clause 19 and 20 of Telecommunication Act - 2053 allows the government to control and monitor any ISP or site. And the National Broadcasting Act of 1993 and the National Broadcasting Regulation of 1995 provide for fines and/or imprisonment for broadcasting content likely to cause ethnic strife or social unrest, undermine national security or moral decency, or conflict with Nepali foreign policy. During the 2061's Royal takeover, twenty Nepalese news sites were blocked under these acts and ordinance. Unfortunately, the Government that could ban the news sites is not monitoring the pornographic sites at all, leaving very bad consequences, basically to the child and teenagers. Various blog pages and sites are posting or publishing pornographic or copy righted articles, but the Government of Nepal seems to be total ignorant to these issues.


Top ten Nepali online news portal

ekantipur.com
nagariknews.com
thehimalayantimes.com
onlinekhabar.com
myrepublica.com
nepalnews.com
nepalipatra.com
filmykhabar.com
nayapatrika.com (322)
nepalitimes.com (408)

Top 10 online news portal globally
news.yahoo.com
bbc.co.uk\news
nytimes.com
huffingtonpost.com
weather.com
my.yahoo.com
reddit.com
msnbc.msn.com
foxnews.com
guardian.co.uk
List of top ten websites globally
Google
Facebook
You Tube
Yahoo
Blogger
Baidu.com
Wikipedia
Windows Live
Twitter
qq.com

REFERENCES

www.home.comcast.net

www.webopedia.com

www.alexa.com

wekepedia.com

answers.com

Dhungana KP, FNJ annual report 2066 BS

History of journalism, Dujel Mark

High Level Media Commission 2063

McQual Denis, Mass Communication Theory, 2007

George Cherian, Contentious Journalism And The Internet, 2006

Prepared by Prajwal Oli for BROADCAST JOURNALISM AND MEDIA JMC 544 as a seminar paper for Masters 2nd year for Tribjuwan University